One version of events tells that Plato did not hear the original myth of Atlantis, but that it was instead told to Solon 300 years prior, and that he heard it from Egyptian priests who read it on already existing texts. Plato heard it from Critias who is related to Solon, who said it was a story passed down for 3 generations prior to reaching him . E Voegelin on the contrary, states that Plato entirely created the myth to aid the transmission of meaning in Timaeus, and that the story with regards to Solon has no basis in historical fact.
Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias, written in 360 BC, contain the earliest references to Atlantis. For unknown reasons, Plato never completed Critias. Plato introduced Atlantis in Timaeus:
For it is related in our records how once upon a time your State stayed the course of a mighty host, which, starting from a distant point in the Atlantic ocean, was insolently advancing to attack the whole of Europe, and Asia to boot. For the ocean there was at that time navigable; for in front of the mouth which you Greeks call, as you say, 'the pillars of Heracles,' there lay an island which was larger than Libya and Asia together; and it was possible for the travelers of that time to cross from it to the other islands, and from the islands to the whole of the continent over against them which encompasses that veritable ocean. For all that we have here, lying within the mouth of which we speak, is evidently a haven having a narrow entrance; but that yonder is a real ocean, and the land surrounding it may most rightly be called, in the fullest and truest sense, a continent. Now in this island of Atlantis there existed a confederation of kings, of great and marvelous power, which held sway over all the island, and over many other islands also and parts of the continent.
The four people appearing in those two dialogues are the politicians Critias and Hermocrates as well as the philosophers Socrates and Timaeus of Locri, although only Critias speaks of Atlantis. In his works Plato makes extensive use of the Socratic method in order to discuss contrary positions within the context of a supposition.
The Timaeus begins with an introduction, followed by an account of the creations and structure of the universe and ancient civilizations. In the introduction, Socrates muses about the perfect society, described in Plato's Republic (c. 380 BC), and wonders if he and his guests might recollect a story which exemplifies such a society. Critias mentions an allegedly historical tale that would make the perfect example, and follows by describing Atlantis as is recorded in the Critias. In his account, ancient Athens seems to represent the "perfect society" and Atlantis its opponent, representing the very antithesis of the "perfect" traits described in the Republic.
Many people believe the tale to be complete fiction, the creation of a philosopher's imagination used to illustrate an argument. Others believe that the story was inspired by catastrophic events which may have destroyed the Minoan civilization on Crete and Thera. Still others maintain that the story is an accurate representation of a long lost and almost completely forgotten land.
PLATOGreek philosopher - 427-347 B.C. Note: Dates are approximate, there is some uncertainty as to his birth and death. Plato was a student of Socrates until the latter's death in 399 BC at the hands of the Athenian authorities. After his teacher's death, Plato traveled extensively, including journeys in Egypt.
In 387 BC he returned to Athens and founded the Academy, a school of science and philosophy, that became the model for the modern university. Perhaps the most famous student of the Academy was Aristotle whose teachings have had tremendous impact on philosophy through today. Due to the Academy's safekeeping, many of Plato's works have survived. His extant writings are in the form of letters and dialogues, the most famous of which is probably The Republic. His writings cover subjects ranging from knowledge to happiness to politics to nature. Two of his dialogues, Timeaus and Critias, hold the only known original references to the island of Atlantis.
Timaeus and Critias
Timaeus and Critias, two of Plato's dialogues, are the only existing written records which specifically refer to Atlantis. The dialogues are conversations between Socrates, Hermocrates, Timeaus, and Critias. Apparently in response to a prior talk by Socrates about ideal societies, Timeaus and Critias agree to entertain Socrates with a tale that is "not a fiction but a true story."
The story is about the conflict between the ancient Athenians and the Atlantians 9000 years before Plato's time. Knowledge of the distant past apparently forgotten to the Athenians of Plato's day, the story of Atlantis was conveyed to Solon by Egyptian priests. Solon passed the tale to Dropides, the great-grandfather of Critias. Critias learned of it from his grandfather also named Critias, son of Dropides.
THE STORY OF ATLANTIS
Over 11,000 years ago there existed an island nation located
in the middle of the Atlantic ocean populated by a noble
and powerful race. The people of this land possessed great
wealth thanks to the natural resources found throughout
their island. The island was a center for trade and commerce.
The rulers of this land held sway over the people and
land of their own island and well into Europe and Africa.This
was the island of Atlantis. 
Atlantis was the domain of Poséidon,
god of the sea. When Poseidon fell in love with a mortal
woman, Cleito, he created a dwelling at the top of a hill
near the middle of the island and surrounded the dwelling
with rings of water and land to protect her. Cleito gave
birth to five sets of twin boys who became the first rulers
of Atlantis. The island was divided among the brothers
with the eldest, Atlas first King of
Atlantis, being given control over the central hill and
surrounding areas. At the top of the central hill, a temple
was built to honor Poseidon which housed a giant gold
statue of Poseidon riding a chariot pulled by winged horses.
It was here that the rulers of Atlantis would come to
discuss laws, pass judgments, and pay tribute to Poseidon.
To facilitate travel and trade, a water canal was cut
through of the rings of land and water running south for
5.5 miles (~9 km) to the sea. 
POSEIDONSon of Cronos and Rhea. Brother of Zeus.
God of Earthquakes and god the liquid Element, of which the most impressive representation is the sea in its unlimitedness and its wild power. Sometimes, it(he) goes out of the palace on a tank hitched with horses in the colours of algae and foam, to steer the movements of streams, to calm or to arouse storms,by striking the sea of the trident or by roaring orders of the enormous and profound voice. The sailors worship him and implore him to obtain a good crossing. His power extends not only over the maritime element, but also over the sweet waters and Nymphs; so, he contributes, by dissipating humidity, in the fertility of fields, and it is often considered as an agrarian divinity.
ATLAS
Atlas (king of Atlantis), in the Greek mythology, one of the sons of Poseidon the god of the Sea, appointed by his father as supreme sovereign of Atlantis. Atlas is the elder brother of the ten sons of Poséidon and Clito, a girl living in the mythical island of Atlantis, domain of the god of the Sea. Poseidon cut Atlantis in ten parts, one for each of his sons. Atlas, who receives the central mountain, is also appointed by Poséidon as the supreme sovereign of the island. Legend tells us that he was a good king, and makes his territory prosperous, among the richest in the world.
The
city of Atlantis sat just outside the outer ring of water
and spread across the plain covering a circle of 11 miles
(1.7 km). This was a densely populated area where the
majority of the population lived. Beyond the city lay
a fertile plain 330 miles (530 km) long and 110 miles
(190 km) wide surrounded by another canal used to collect
water from the rivers and streams of the mountains. The
climate was such that two harvests were possible each
year. One in the winter fed by the rains and one in the
summer fed by irrigation from the canal. Surrounding the
plain to the north were mountains which soared to the
skies. Villages, lakes, rivers, and meadows dotted the
mountains. Besides the harvests, the island provided all kinds of herbs, fruits, and nuts. An abundance of animals, including elephants, roamed the island. For generations the Atlanteans lived simple, virtuous lives. But slowly they began to change. Greed and power began to corrupt them. When Zeus saw the immorality of the Atlanteans he gathered the other gods to determine a suitable punishment.
Soon, in one violent surge it was gone. The island of Atlantis, its people, and its memory were swallowed by the sea.
.
Hiç yorum yok:
Yorum Gönder